Features of Location Strategy Planning

Features of Location Strategy Planning The location of a plant or facility is the geographical positioning of an operation relative to the input resources and other operations or customers with which it interacts. Andrew Greasly (2003) identified three main reasons why a location decision is required. The first reason is that a new company has been created and needs a facility to manufacture products or deliver a service to its customers. The second reason is that there is a decision to relocate an existing business due to a number of factors such as the need for larger premises or to be closer to a particular customer base. The third reason is relocate into new premises in order to be able to expand operations. Decisions with regards to where an organisation can locate its plant or facility are not taken often, however they still tend to be very important for the firms profitability and long-term survival. An organisation which chooses an inappropriate location for its premises could suffer from a number of factors, and would find it difficult and expensive to relocate. Location decisions tend to be taken more often for service operations than manufacturing facilities. Facilities for service related businesses are usually smaller in size, less costly, and are located in a location that is convenient and easily accessible to customers (Russell and Taylor, 2003). When deciding where to located a manufacturing facility different reasons apply, such as the cost of constructing a plant or factory. Although the most imporant factor for a service related business is access to customers, a set of different criteria is important for a manufacturing facility (Russell and Taylor, 2003). These include the nature of the labor force, proximity to suppliers and other markets, distribution and transportation costs, the availability of energy and its cost, community infrastructure, government regualtions and taxes, amongst others (Russell and Taylor, 2003). Location Strategy The facilities location problem is one of major importance in all types of business. It is important to notice the different problems that may arise whilst trying to choose a suitable location; which is the general area, and site; which is the place chosen within the location. Normally, the decision on siting proceeds in two stages: in the first, the general area is chosen; and then a detailed survey of that area is carried out to find suitable sites where the plant or facility could be located (Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). However, the final decision as to where to locate a facility is made by taking into consideration more detailed requirements. The following are a number of factors which might influence the choice of location (Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). Proximity to market: organisations may wish to locate their facility close to their market, to be able to lower transportation costs, and most importantly, to be able to provide their customers with a better service. If the plant or facility is located close to the customer, the organisation would be in a better position to provide just-in-time delivery, to respond to fluctuations in demand and to react to field or service problems. Availability of labour and skills: a number of geographical areas have traditional skills but it very rare that an organisation would be able to find a location which has the appropriate skilled and unskilled labour, both readily available and in the desired proportions and quantities. Even so, new skills can be tought, processes simplified and key personnel moved from one area to another. Availability of amenities: organisations would prefer to locate their facilities in a location which provides good external amenities such as housing, shops, community services and communication systems. Availability of inputs: a location which is near main suppliers will help to reduce cost and allow staff to meet suppliers easily to discuss quality, technical or delivery problems, amongst others. It is also important that certain supplies which are expensive or difficult to procure by transport should be readily available in the locality. Availability of services: there are six main services which need to be considered whilst a location is being chosen namely; gas and electricity, water, drainage, disposal of waste and communications. An assessment must be made of the requirements for these, and a location which provides most or all of these services will be more attractive than another which does not. Room for expansion: organisations should leave room for expansion within the chosen location unless long term forecast convey very accurately that the plant will never have to be altered or expanded. This is often not the case and thus adequate room for expansion should be allowed. Safety requirements: certain production and manufacturing units may present potential hazards to the surrounding neighbourhood. For example certain plants such as nuclear power stations and chemical factories should be located in remote areas. Site cost: the cost of the site is a very important factor, however it is necessary to prevent immediate benefit from jeopardising the long-term plans of an organisation. Political, cultural and economic situation: it is also important to consider the political situation of potential locations. Even if other considerations demand a particular site, knowledge of the political, cultural and economic difficulties can assist in taking a number of decisions. Special grants, regional taxes and import/export barriers: it is often advantegous for an organisation to build its plant or facility in a location where the government and local authorities often offer special grants, low-interest loans, low rental or taxes and other inducements. Location Selection Techniques The location selection process involves the identification of a suitable region/country, the indentification of an appropriate area within that region and finally comparing and selecting a site from that area which is suitable for an organisation. The following are a number of analytical techniques from the several that have been developed to assist firms in location analysis. Weighted Score The weithed scoring technique tries to take a range of considerations into account, including cost. This technique, which is also referred to as factor rating or point rating, consists of determining a list of factors that are relevant to the location decision. Each factor is then given a weighting that conveys its relative importance compared with the other factors. Each location is then scored on each factor and this score is multiplied by the factor value. The alternative with the highest score is then chosen. Locational Break-Even Analysis This technique makes use of cost-volume analysis to make an economic comparison of location alternatives. An organisation would have to identify the fixed and variable costs and graphing them for each location, thus determining which one provides the lowest cost. Locational break-even analysis may be carried out mathematically or graphically. The procedure for graphical cost-volume analysis is as follows: Determine the fixed and variable costs for each location. Plot the total cost (i.e. the fixed + the variable) lines for the location alternatives on the graph. Choose the location with the lowest total cost line at the expected production volume level. Plant Layout According to Andrew Greasly (2007), the layout of a plant or facility is concerned with the physical placement of resources such as equipment and storage facilities, which should be designed to facilitate the efficient flow of customers or materials through the manufacturing or service system. He also noted that the layout design is very important and should be taken very seriously as it can have a significant impact on the cost and efficiency of an operation and can involve substantial investment in time and money. The decisions taken with regards to the facility layout will have a direct influence on how efficiently workers will be able to carry out their jobs, how much and how fast goods can be produced, how difficult it is to automate a system, and how the system in place would be able to respond to any changes with regards to product or service design, product mix, or demand volume (Russell and Taylor, 2003). In many operations the installation of a new layout, or redesign of an existing layout, can be difficult to change once they are implemented due to the significant investment required on items such as equipment. Therefore, it is imperative to make sure that the policy decisions relating to the organisation, method and work flow are made before the facilities are laid out rather than trying to fit these three into the layout. This is an important area of production and operations management since it is dealing with the capital equipment of the organisation which, in general, is difficult to relocate once it has been put into position. Keith Lockyer (1992), in his book Production and Operations Management, explained that the plant layout process is rather complex, which cannot be set down with any finality, and one in which experience plays a great part. The author also explained that it is impossible for an organisation to design the perfect layout, however he discussed a number of criteria which should be followed to design a good layout. These criteria are discussed in brief below. Maximum Flexibility A good layout should be designed in such a way that modifications could rapidly take place to meet changing circumstances, and thus should be devised with the possible future needs of the operation in mind. Maximum Co-ordination The layout should be designed in such a way that entry into, and disposal from, any department or functional area should be carried out in the most convenient way to the issuing and recieving departments. Maximum use of volume The facility should be considered as cubic devises and maximum use is to be made of the volume available. This principle is useful in stores, where goods can be stored at considerable heights without causing any inconvenience, especially if certain mordern lifting machinery is available. Maximum visibility Locker further insists that all the workers and materials should be readily observable at all times and that there should be no hidden places into which goods or information might get misplaced and forgotten. Organisations should be careful when they make use of partitioning or screening as these may introduce undesirable segregation which reduces the effective use of floor space. Maximum accessibility The machinery, equipment and other installations should not in any way obstruct the servicing and maintenance points, which should be readily accessible at all times. Obstructing certain service points such as electricity and water mains could hinder the production process in place. Minimum distance and Material handling All movements taking place within the plant should be both necessary and direct. Handling work does add the cost but does not increase the value, thus any unecessary movement should be avoided and if present, eliminated. It is best not to handle the material and information, however if this is necessary it should be reduced to a minimum by making use of appropriate devices. Inherent Safety All processes which might constitute a danger to either the staff or customers should not be accessible to the unauthorised. Fire exists should be clearly marked with uninhibited access and pathways should be clearly defined and uncluttered. Unidirectional Flow All materials which are being used in the production process should always flow in one direction, starting from the storage, passing through all processes and facilities, and finally resulting in the finished product which is later dispatched for storage or sold directly to the customer. Management Coordination Supervision and communication should be assisted by the location of staff and communication equipment in place within the chosen layout. The Basic Layout Designs After choosing the process type which will be used within the plant, it would be necessary to select the layout of the operation. Presently, there are four basic types of production layouts, each with their own set of characterisitcs which are briefly discussed below. Fixed Position Layout A fixed position layout design is used when the product being produced is either too fragile, bulky, or heavy to move and so the conversion process would have to take place at the location where the product is created. Figure 2.7 conveys an example of a fixed position layout within a full service restaurant. In this particular type of layout, all resources and factors of production used to produce a particular product must be moved to the location where the product is to be produced. Scheduling and coordination of the required resources are important characterisitics of this layout, since these resources have to be available on the site where the product is to be produced in the required amounts at the required time (Andrew Greasley, 2007). For example, certain activities that are carried out in construction sites are only able to take place after the completion of other activities. The utilization of equipment in such a layout is often low, since it is cheaper to leave equipment idle at a location where it will be used during subsequent days than to move it back and forth (Russell and Taylor, 2003). Process Layout In process layouts, also termed as functional layouts, similar activities are grouped together in departments or work centers according to the process or function that they carry out. Figure 4.8 conveys a process layout in a manufacturing facility, were different processes and machines are located within their respective work center. This type of layout is characteristic of intermittent operations, service shops, job shops, or batch production, were different customers with different needs are served (Russell and Taylor, 2003). Equipment found in this particular layout is often general purpose, and workers are usually trained to make use of equipment in their department. One of the advantagous of this system is flexibility, however a high level of inefficiency takes place. This inefficiency arises since jobs and customers do not flow through the system in an orderly manner, movement from one department to another could take a long time, and queues tend to be developed (Russell and Taylor, 2003). Product Layout In product layouts, which are also known as assembly lines, activities are set up in a line according to the sequence of operations that have to take place in order to produce a particular product. Therefore, each product being produced must have its own line, which is designed in a unique way to meet its requirements (Russell and Taylor, 2003). The flow of work is carried out in an orderly and efficient manner, moving from one particular processing station to the next down the assembly line until the product is successfully produced (Russell and Taylor, 2003). These type of layouts are often incorporated for mass production or repetitive operations, where demand is normally stable and volume is high. In such cases, the product being produced is standard, and one which is produced for the general market. Figure 2.9 conveys a simplified configuration of a product layout. The product or line layout is known to be a very efficient production system because the use of dedicated equipment in a balanced line allows a much throughput time than in any other layout used (Andrew Greasly, 2007). However, this particular layout often lacks the flexibility found in the process layout since it only able to produce a standard product or service. Another issue which often concerns manufacturing companies is that if any particular processing station fails, the output from the whole line is lost. Therefore, it lacks the robustness to loss of resources such as equipment failure or staff which are not present at work that the process layout provides (Andrew Greasly, 2007). Cellular Layout A cell layout tries to combine the flexbility found in the process layout together with the efficiency found in the product layout. Machines and activities which are unalike are grouped into work centers, referred to cells, in order to create groups of parts or customers which have similar requirements (Russell and Taylor, 2003). The aim of this layout is to arrange different cells in such a way that materials movement is minimized. Figure 2.10 conveys how a process layout which has similar resurces has been grouped into three different cells. Through this redesigning, the routing of products has been simplified and products can now be processed in a single cell and need not be transported between different departments. 2.2 Quality Management There is a widespread acceptance that organisations view quality as an important strategic core competence and a vital competitive weapon which should be used to gain a competitive advantage at the expense of rivals. Several organisations have been able to reep a number of benefits, such as substanstial cost savings and higher revenues, after implementing a quality improvement process into their operations. Subsequently, this led them to invest substantial amounts of money yearly on implementing and sustaining quality programmes and intiatives. The American National Standards Institution (ANSI) and the American Society for Quality Control (ASQC) define quality as the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy given needs. Similarily, Feigenbaum (2005), who is an American quality control expert, has defined quality as the total composite product and service characteristics of marketing, engineering, manufacture, and maintenance through which the product and service in use will meet the expectation by the customer. Put simply, this refers to an organisations ability to manufacture a product or deliver a service which satisfy the customers requirements and needs, and which conform to specifications. Keith Lockyer, in his book Production and Operations Management (1992), noted that organisations must be dedicated to the continous improvement of quality and must implement systematic control systems that are designed to prevent the production or delivery of products or services which do not conform to requirements. To facilitate this process, organisations should first set up a quality policy statement which describes their general quality orientation and which is used to assist as a framework for action. Once set up, top management would be required to: ensure that is it understood at all levels of the organisation; identify the needs of the organisations customers; evaluate the organisations ability to meet these needs; make sure that all the materials and services supplied fit the required standards of efficiency and performance; continously train the workforce for quality improvement; assess and monitor the quality management systems in place. Quality Control and Assurance in the Conversion Process Ray Wild (2002) has noted that the capability of the conversion process directly influences the degree to which the product or service conforms to the given specification. If the conversion process is capable of producing products or services at the specified level, then the products or services are provided at the desired quality level. Once the specification of the output is known and an appropriate process is available, management must ensure that the output will conform to the specification. In order to achieve this objective Ray Wild (2002) has defined three different stages which are outlined in figure 2.4; each discussed below. Control of Inputs Before accepting any items as inputs, organisations must make sure that they conform to the required specifications and standards. Normally, before items are supplied to an organisation, they are subjected to some form of quality control by the supplier. The organisation might also ask its suppliers for information about the quality of the items whilst they are being prepared, ask for a copy of the final inspection documentation, or ask a third party such as an insurance company to make sure that all the items supplied conform to the required quality standards. Even so, organisations still find the need to inspect the items supplied once they are recieved and before they are inserted into the conversion process. This inspection can be carried out by either inspecting every item recieved from suppliers, or by making use of the acceptance sampling procedure, which consists of taking a random sample from a larger batch or lot of material to be inspected. Organisations might also make use of the vendor rating procedure whereby suppliers are rated by taking into account a number of quality related factors such as the percentage of acceptable items recieved in the past, the quality of the packaging, and the price. Control of Process All manufacturing organisations must make sure that appropriate inspection is carried out during operations to ensure that defective items do not proceed to the next operations, and also to predict when the process is most likely to produce faulty items so that preventive adjustments could be adopted (Ray Wild 2002). The quality control of the production process is facilitated by making use of control charts, which convey whether the process looks as though it is performing as it should, or alternatively if it is going out of control. One of the benefits of this procedure is that it helps management to take action before problems actually take place. Ray Wild (2002) also notes that organisations should establish procedures for the selection and inspection of items which are used in the conversion process, for the recording and analysis of data, scrapping of defectives, and for feedback of information. Control of Outputs Organisations must ensure that the qulity inspection of output items is carried out effectively since any undetected defective items would be passed on to the customer. The inspection of output items is normally carried out by making use of a sampling procedure, such as acceptance sampling, or by carrying out exhaustive checks. Ray Wild (2002) notes that it is vital for an organisation to have in place suitable procedures designed for the collection and retention of inspection data, for the correction, replacement or further examination of defective items, and for the adjustment or modification of either previous inspection or processing operations in order to eliminate the production of defective items. HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Nowadays, the food industry is responsible of producing safe products and also for conveying in a transparent manner how the safety of food is being planned, controlled and assured. In order to do so, organisations in the food industry need a system which will ensure that food operations are designed to be safe and that potential hazards are taken into account (Bob Mitchell 1992). One such system is the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points which is a scientific and systematic method used to assure food safety, and a tool for the development, implementation and management of effective safety assurance procedures (Ropkins and Beck 2000). The HACCP is known to be one of the best methods used for assuring product safety and is considered as a prerequisite for food manufacturing companies who wish to export their products into international markets. The objective of the HACCP system is to guarantee that the safe production of food by implementing a quality system which covers the complete food production chain, from the promary sector up to the final consuming of the product (Fai Pun, Bhairo-Beekhoo 2007). It is capable of analysing the potential hazards in a food operation, identifying the points in the operation where the hazards may take place, and deciding which of these may be harmful to consumers (Bob Mitchell 2002). These points, which are referred to as the critical control points, are continously monitored and remedial action is effected if any of these points are not within safe limits. The HACCP is the system of choice in the management of food safety; one which is highly promoted by the food safety authorities in the United States, Canada and European Union. Just-In-Time Scheduling Scheduling in Manufacturing Decision making with regards to scheduling has become a very important factor in manufacturing as well as in service industries. Scheduling is a decision making process whereby limited resources are allocated to specific tasks over time in order to produce the desired outputs at the desired time (Psarras, Ergazakis 2003). This process helps organisations to allocate their resources properly, which would further enable them to optimise their objectives and achieve their goals. A number of functions, conveyed in figure 2.5, must be performed whilst scheduling and controlling a production operation. In manufacturing systems, scheduling is highly dependent on the volume and variety mix of the manufacturing system itself. Mass process-type systems, which normally make use of a flow (product) layout where a standard item is produced in high volumes, make use of specialised equipment dedicated to achieve an optimal flow of work throughout the system (Andrew Greasly 2006). Greasly notes that this is very important since all items follow the same sequence of operations. One of the most important objectives of a flow system is to make sure that production is kept at an equal rate in each production that takes place. This could be ensured by making use of the line balancing technique, which makes sure that the output of each production stage is equal and that all resources all fully utilised (Andrew Greasly 2006). Just-In-Time The Just-In-Time Philosophy in Operations The just-in-time philosophy originated from the Japanese auto maker Toyota after Taiichi Ohno came up with the Toyota Production System whose aim was to interface manufacturing more closely with the companys customers and suppliers. This particular philosophy is an approach to manufacturing which seeks to provide the right amount of material when it is required, which in turn leads to the reduction of work-in-progress inventories and aims to maximise productivity within the production process (Singh, Brar 1991). The authors, Slack, Chambers and Johnston, of Operations Management (2001) defined the JIT philosophy as a disciplined approach to improving overall productivity and elimination of waste. They also state that it provides for the necessary quantity of parts at the right quality, at the right time and place, while using a minimum amount of facilities, equipment, materials and human resources. Thus, put simply the JIT system of production is one based on the philosophy of total elimination of waste, which seeks the utmost rationality in the way production is carried out. Bicheno (1991) further states that JIT aims to meet demand instantaneously, with perfect quality and no waste. In order to achieve this, an organisation requires a whole new approach in how it operates. Harrison (1992) identified three important issues as the core of JIT philosophy, namely the elimination of waste, the involvement of everyone and continous improvement. The following is a brief description of these three key issues (adapted from Operations Management by Andrew Greasly). Eliminate Waste Waste may be defined as any activity which does not add value to the operation. Ohno (1995) and Toyota have identified seven types of waste, which apply in many different types of operations, in both manufacturing and service industries. All of these types of wastes are displayed in figure 2.6 below. The involvement of everyone Organisations that implement a JIT system are able to create a new culture where all employees are encouraged to continously improve by coming up with ideas for improvements and by performing a range of functions. In order to involve employees as much as possible, organisations would have to provide training to staff in a wide range of areas and techniques, such as Statistical Process Control and more general problem solving techniques (Andrew Greasley 2002). Continuous Improvement Slack and Johnston (2001) note that JIT objectives are often expressed as ideals. Futhermore, Greasly (2002) states that through this philosophy, organisations would be able to get to these ideals of JIT by a continuous stream of improvements over time. The Benefits of Just-In-Time According to Russell and Taylor (2003), after fives years from implementing JIT a number of U.S. manufacturers were able to benefit from 90 percent reductions in manufacturing cycle time, 70 percent reductions in inventory, 50 percent reductions in labour costs, and 80 percent reductions in space requirements. These results are not achieved by each and every organisation that implements a JIT system, however JIT does provide a wide range of benefits, including: Reduced inventory Improved quality Lower costs Reduced space requirements Shorter lead time Increased productivity Greater flexibility Better relations with suppliers Simplified scheduling and control activities Better use of human resources Increased capacity More product variety Health and Safety Management The International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) define occupational health as the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; and the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities. Many countries have introduced legislation which requires employers to manage the health and safety of their employees, and others who might be affected (Alan Waring, 1996). To honour health and safety legislation, organisations have found it necessary to introduce active programmes of accident prevention. The preparation of a properly though-out health and safety policy, which is continously monitored, could dramatically reduce or eliminate injuries and damage to health (Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). Responsibilities for Safety All employees in an organisation should be active in creating and maintaining healthy and safe working conditions which are aimed to avoid accidents. Once a health and safety policy is established in an organisation, roles and responsibilities should be allocated within the management structure (Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). As with other areas such as quality and production within an organisation, health and safety would only be able to progress successfully if all employees are fully co-operative and committed in doing so. A number of organisations have encouraged this total involvement by creating safety representitives, committees, and group discussions w

Burt’s Bee’s: Leaving the Hive

Burt’s Bee’s: Leaving the Hive 01-26-2013 Burt’s Bee’s is committed to providing the best products for its consumers by ensuring they are 100% natural and produced in environmentally friendly conditions. I believe it is possible for the company to become the â€Å"Starbucks of personal care† without foregoing the initial values established by Roxanne Quimby. Roxanne’s original vision was making Burt’s bees a big brand, not an exclusive brand, and so moving into the mass market sector is in-keeping with this idea.Arguably, moving away from a specialty and health product, to a mass market brand is risky and results in specialty stores pulling back and reducing shelf space. However, the company today is very loyal and focused on their core values. They insist on only developing products that serve an explicit healthful purpose. They delayed launching the shampoo, for example, because they wanted to create a natural, cleaner shampoo that a lso lathered, to meet customer needs.The company pursued products other firms didn’t, like carrot lotion, adding to Burt’s authenticity. As well as this, they make all their packaging from recycled materials and encourage customers to reuse or recycle shampoo bottles for example. I believe that if they keep this up, they can definitely become the â€Å"Starbucks on personal care† without foregoing the values and narratives that made the brand successful. In my opinion this model is replicable. All Burt’s Bee’s is trying to do is what’s best for consumers and the environment.No matter how big the brand gets, no matter how much profits increase by, the firm in question should try follow in Burt’s Bee’s footsteps, and continue focusing on their core competencies and outsourcing tasks where they are not as efficient. In Burt’s Bee’s case, by fully disclosing ingredients, they promote transparency; by not testing their products on animals they communicate their values to the consumer; finally, by striving to use 100% natural ingredients in each of their products, they are upholding the firm’s original values.The model is easy to replicate as long as the firm is committed and loyal to the core values. I think Burt’s Bee’s have done a very good job so far. Seeing as packaging is not their core competency, they outsourced it to contractors thus minimizing waste and boosting efficiency. Herbs used in their products can be used for bio-fuel and are actually used by the employees as substitute fuel. All packaging is made from recycled materials and they encourage customers to reuse or recycle shampoo bottles.In addition to this they have shortened their supply chain by selling directly to all of their accounts. By cutting out the middle channel of distribution, they effectively reduced Burt’s Bee’s carbon footprint and saved money at the same time making them more env ironmentally and economically sustainable. The risks involved with this acquisition are many. As stated in the article, Clorox plans to turn Burt’s Bees into a mainstream American brand sold in big-box stores like Wal-Mart.Already, the move from specialty health stores, to Walgreens and CVS has had an impact on Burt’s Bee’s shelf space in these smaller specialty stores. The risk is that if they move to the other extreme, they may no longer be viewed as the quirky authentic firm that was initially established. The link to Clorox alone will bring Burt’s Bee’s under a lot of scrutiny, given the fact that they aim to provide the best and most natural products for their customers, and the consumer perception of Clorox is the total opposite. However, there are also a lot of opportunities Burt’s Bee’s will gain from this.With Clorox’s help, they can really strive to be a national brand, and increase their already growing market share in natural personal care. The resources Clorox will provide will boost advertising spending and increase the firm’s power when negotiating with suppliers and retailers. In addition to this, as the competition in the industry grows, having Clorox’s funds and support will go a long way for Burt’s Bee’s. And with Clorox’s Green Works initiative, the public’s perception may improve and so loyal customers will remain loyal.

The Birth of Quicksand Essay Topics

The Birth of Quicksand Essay Topics A wonderful idea may be to pick out a subject, which has a stable selection of accessible info and nonetheless sufficient room for a private research. The next portion of your intro is devoted to offering some in depth background information on your topic. So, just discover those and you'll discover a debatable topic. When you are requested to pick a great topic for your argument, start with something you're acquainted with. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. Various TV programs may be the field of debate. Often college students get into a great deal of stress to get the proper topic for the essay. Canadian students must deal with precisely the same problem of selecting engaging argumentative essay topics as the remainder of the world. Finding the Best Quicksand Essay Topics Instead of just immediately writing about your argumentative essay topic, you should first think about what it is that you're likely to put back on your paper through a procedure of brainstorming and pre-writing. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most crucial point to do is to select a topic and an argument you could really get behind. As we begin to think about that idea, here are a couple of suggestions to get you started on your own essay. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. If as you are preparing a report you merely analyze specific literature, the essay demands an excellent penetration into the issue. Although you may know what format, style guide, and whether the essay ought to be double spaced, you might be confused on what actually produces a very good essay topic. Take a look at this argumentative essay infographic! If you believe you won't have the ability to finish your essay by the deadline, you don't understand much regarding the essay subject or you just do not enjoy this variety of assignments, you should turn to professional writers for aid. With our company, your assignment will acquire high marks not based on the argumentative essay topics you opt for. You don't need to lose grades because of incorrect essay format. You devote a good deal of education on writing argumentative essays. When you finish your research notes you can begin writing with confidence that you have all of the pieces you ought to create a wonderful essay. Needless to say, it's so much better when a student is provided a freedom to select the subject of their essay. There are lots of aspects about a sport which can be argued in an essay. The real leadership essay is simple to read and understand. What you aspire to teach your reader will choose the form of your essay. When it has to do with the middle school, the argumentative essay incorporates moderate topics. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. It requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. The Downside Risk of Quicksand Essay Topics If you've got to write your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. Pay close attention to all things electronic, and you will be certain to find something debatable of what you see. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. Each wants to construct a useful Helga, one who will solidify her or his own perception of earth and her or his inflated place within it. The Nuiances of Quicksand Essay Topics Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumenta tive essay topics isn't challenging to discover. Although it's common, student has to find right to become excellent grades. You are able to pick topics from assorted lists of ready themes. When writing a crucial composition, it's highly recommended to pick contradictive topics.

Understand Inappropriate Behavior, Suggestions for Teachers

Teachers confront bad or inappropriate behavior from students all the time. This may range from calling out answers to teasing to physical aggressiveness. And some students seem to thrive on getting a rise out of teachers with challenges to authority. Its important for teachers to understand the roots of these kinds of behaviors so as not to perpetuate or exacerbate them. Here are some fundamental ways to frame everyday inappropriate behaviors. The Importance of Interventions With so many students in classrooms these days, its tempting for a teacher to simply let poor behavioral choices go and spend as much time as possible teaching the lesson. But in the long term, this is not the wisest choice. While there are behaviors that, while poor, are age-appropriate (speaking out of turn, difficulties sharing materials, etc.), remember the message that accepting unacceptable behaviors sends to the student. Instead, use positive behavioral intervention strategies (PBIS) to  positively influence and curb the behavior in the classroom. Age-appropriate or no, inappropriate behaviors that disrupt the classroom will only get worse when we excuse them. Its important to take the time for interventions. Where Does Inappropriate Behavior Come From? It may be hard to understand where a students poor choices come from. Remember that behavior is communication, and students are trying to send a message with every action taken in the classroom. Four typical reasons for inappropriate behavior are: Seeking attention.  When a child cant get your attention, hell often act out to get it.Taking revenge. If for some reason a  child doesnt feel loved and seeks revenge for attention, she will feel important when she hurts others or hurts the feelings of others.Displaying power.  These children need to be the boss. They only feel important when they are the boss.  Power struggles  may be daily occurrences with these students.  Displaying feelings of inadequacy.  These children usually have low confidence and self-esteem levels and give up quickly, thinking they cant do anything. They often lack a sense of doing something successfully. Understand the origin of these behaviors and decoding their messages gives you an opportunity. Once youve determined the goal of the inappropriate behavior, you are much more equipped to turn it around. Confronting Inappropriate Behaviors The PBIS method of dealing with inappropriate behavior may not be as intuitive as the punitive model with which many of us were raised. But it makes its own logical sense when we consider, again, that behavior is communication. Can we really expect to show students that their behavioral choices are poor when we respond in the same manner? Of course not. Keep these key concepts in mind: Always show respect. When you give respect, youll get it—eventually!  Model the behavior you want to see at all times.Encourage the child, boost their self-esteem, convey that you care about them. Reward them with attention when acting appropriately.Never engage in power struggles. Dont get angry. Do not retaliate (even in passive-aggressive ways).Recognize that ALL inappropriate behaviors are communication: your student wants your attention. Help her get it the right way. Read more  about  specific interventions for a variety of behaviors.

Is any type of relationship reasonable - 600 Words

Is any type of relationship reasonable? An eye for an eye makes the world go blind by Gandhi. This states, that when one takes an eye one gives an eye. It suggests, that when a person takes a reason for their relationship, and gives a reason for their relationship then the relationship is reasonable. Eventually, any relationship can make the world go blind because in every relationship there is a reason to be in it. Therefore, Stephen Chboskys book The Perks of being a Wallflower illustrates, any type of relationship is reasonable when it occurs in once family, friends and themselves. Indeed, the first key element is family just like the relationship between Charlie and his sister Candace. In particular, I went into the house and I†¦show more content†¦Consequently, this illustrates that Patrick and Brad have had a true relationship towards each other showing that both of them are gay which isnt really big of a deal. No matter, what had happened both of them had a reasonable reason for having that relationship. Finally, the last key element is themselves which refers the relationship between May Elizabeth, Sam and Charlie. Eventually, Mary Elizabeth asked Charlie for the dance and right after the dance Charlie had been alone with Mary Elizabeth in her house. Besides, Mary Elizabeth planned this preparation for her to some more time alone with Charlie in the house. Overall, Charlie and Mary Elizabeth were making out in that room close together for a pretty long time. Later on, Patrick suggested to play truth or dare and Patrick dared Charlie to Kiss the prettiest girl in the room. Beyond, that the word prettiest girl for Charlie was Sam because Sam was the one who he truly loved because he only had a relationship with Mary Elizabeth because she asked for it. At the same time, the relationship with Mary Elizabeth wasnt reasonable because it wasnt true but the relationship with Sam was reasonable and what he would prefer. In conclusion, Stephen Chbosky releases the book, The Perks of being a Wallflower, illustrates when it occurs in once family, friends and themselves. Firstly, family is a reasonableShow MoreRelatedThe Elements Of Moral Philosophy919 Words   |  4 Pagesmembers of a genuine friendship change morally, it is acceptable for them to depart from each other. Of course, this conclusion assumes that people can change themselves ethically and that people who are a part of a genuine friendship can end their relationship. In The Elements of Moral Philosophy, James Rachels provides a good definition of morality. Rachels was an American philosopher and wrote a number of respected books, making him an authority on this issue. He says that morality is, â€Å"the effortRead MoreThe Moral Attributes Of Friendship890 Words   |  4 PagesFriendship is a type of love called philia that is fundamentally grounded in both a common interest and a desire for each other’s well-being. The moral attributes of both individuals that are involved are significant in their friendship. According to Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics, it is because of these moral â€Å"attributes that we were friends† (149). Morality is a set of ideals that should be strived for because they are helpful to humanity. Moral changes occur when people begin to or stop doingRead MoreAda Compliance : Employee Needs Special Equipment905 Words   |  4 Pageswhen the disabled individual requests reasonable equipment and/or accommodati on. When the disability and/or the need for equipment and/or accommodation are not obvious, the employer may ask the disabled individual for reasonable documentation about his/her disability and functional limitations. 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In accordance with this policy, all personnel decisions, including but not limited to those relating to recruitment, hiringRead MoreGBL 295 EXAM 2 Essay examples1543 Words   |  7 PagesCompensation:  Through  the  award  of  damages.  The  object  of  compensation  is  to  place  the   victim  in  the  position  he/she  was  before  the  tort  was  committed.  Difficult  to  do,  so  we   compensate.      Assault:  Occurs  when  one  person  intentionally  puts  another  in  reasonable  fear  of  an   imminent  offensive  or  harmful  bodily  contact      Battery:  Harmful  or  offensive  touching  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  includes  pushing,  punching,  spitting,  or  shooting.      False  Imprisonment:  The  intentional  confinement  of  a  person  against  the  person’s  will  and  Read More Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Essay757 Words   |  4 Pageswithout reasonable modifications, and they must have a disability that significantly limits them and show that they have suffered discrimination because of the disability. 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The Curious Case of Benjamin Button Free Essays

After his mother dies giving birth to him on the day of victory in World War I in 1918, Benjamin is taken by his father, Thomas Button (Jason Flemyng), and deposited on the doorstep of a home for the elderly. That is fitting since the infant looks like an 80-year-old man with sagging skin, cataracts, and wrinkles all over is body. Queenie (Taraji P. We will write a custom essay sample on The Curious Case of Benjamin Button or any similar topic only for you Order Now Henson), an African-American attendant at the place, finds him. She immediately decides that baby who is â€Å"as ugly as an old pot† is a child of God who must be cared for, no matter how difficult that may be. And so Benjamin (Brad Pitt) the man-child grows up in the presence of elders who share their stories with him and accept him as one of their own; they are all outsiders in a country where youth is worshipped and the elderly are viewed as obsolete. Benjamin starts out in a wheelchair and proves himself to be a great listener: everyone wants to tell him what they’ve been through in life. A man with a poor memory points out again and again that he was struck by lightening seven different times. â€Å"God keeps reminding me I’m lucky to be alive. A wealthy woman who keeps to herself teaches him to play the piano. A gregarious visitor, an African bushman (Rampai Mohadi), takes a fancy to the man-boy and introduces him the joys of sex in a bordello. At the age of 12, Benjamin looks about 70. He meets Daisy (Elle Fanning), the granddaughter of one of the residents at the home. They become instant friends and forge a bond which will last for a long time. In fact, Benjamin†™s story is shown in flashbacks as Daisy lies near death’s door in New Orleans at the time of Katrina. As the winds howl outside, her 40-year-old daughter Caroline (Julia Ormond) reads to her from a diary filled with pictures and postcards about this strange man who played such a major role in her life. At age 17, Benjamin is much younger and stronger. He leaves New Orleans for life aboard a tugboat that is piloted by Mike (Jared Harris), a colorful character with tattoos and a love of liquor. He travels to many cities and in Murmansk encounters Elizabeth (Tilda Swinton), who is intrigued by his mysteriousness. Although married, she begins a brief affair with Benjamin and introduces him to the pleasures of caviar, night-time dialogue, and sex. Benjamin also tastes the rush of adrenalin in war when he and the tugboat crew take on a Nazi U-boat that has just sunk a troop transport in World War II. Many of his shipmates are killed in the clash. Benjamin returns to New Orleans in 1945 and encounters his father, a rich entrepreneur who runs a button business. He is a lonely old man who is dying and wants to reconnect with the boy he ditched years ago. Instead of showing anger or seeking revenge, Benjamin treats him with kindly compassion for he has come to realize that death is a tender moment that must be treated with respect and dignity. Daisy (Cate Blanchett) is now a renowned dancer in New York who stops by for a visit. She has read his postcards from around the world and still feels they are soulmates. She tries to seduce him, but he is not ready for the changes that he sees in her. But after he inherits his father’s estate, he travels to New York to be with her. But now she is too caught up in the drama and excitement of her career and artist friends. There is more to their relationship as new twists and turns bring them together again as Benjamin grows younger and more handsome. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is one of the best films of the year with its complex story, idiosyncratic characters, and treatment of the themes of love, time, aging, youth, change, death, and the impermanence of life. David Fincher directs this soulful movie with a marvelous attention to detail and pacing. The secret to the film’s powerful impact is the terrific screenplay by Eric Roth who wrote Forrest Gump, a 1994 movie that was also a picaresque tale about a strange outsider and his wild adventures. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is based on a short story by F. Scott Fitzgerald that has been substantially changed for the screen. Another plus is the melodic and impressive music by Alexandre Desplat. What does Benjamin learn from his odd condition that makes him grow younger instead of older? What are the lessons of his adventures that take him around the world and back home again? At one point, he says: â€Å"You can change or stay the same. There are no rules to this thing. You can make the best or the worst of it. † Benjamin always keeps an open mind and uses each encounter as an opportunity to soften his heart. He makes the best of bad situations and does not allow them to bring him down. He demonstrates an equanimity that enables him to handle failure and success, defeat and victory, with calm. One of his favorite mantras is â€Å"You never know what’s coming for you. † It is best to see everything as a mystery that does not need to be solved or explained away. Just live in the present moment and savor what presents itself to you. A sense of wonder is a trademark of Benjamin’s personality. As a man-child in the home for the elderly, he listens to the house breathing. As a child-man he savors the start of the day looking out over the water just like his father did. Benjamin learns how to let go and not to cling to anyone: â€Å"We’re meant to lose the people we love. How else will we know how much they meant to us? † From start to finish, this character tries to be himself, accepting his flaws and celebrating his strengths as a human being: â€Å"It’s never too late or too early to be whoever you want to be. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button reminds us that the best thing we can do is make the most of our journey and be thankful for the people we meet along the way. It’s all gift. Benjamin embodies the zest for life described in one of our favorite quotations by Diane Ackerman: â€Å"The great affair, t he love affair with life, is to live as variously as possible, to groom one’s curiosity like a high-spirited thoroughbred, climb aboard, and gallop over the thick, sunstruck hills every day. . . It began as mystery, and it will end in mystery, but what a savage and beautiful country lies in between. â€Å" How to cite The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, Papers

Preference of Online Marketing-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss why Consumers Purchase Products Online instead of in Shopping Centres. Answer: Preference of online marketing over shopping malls The shopping malls estimated that the sale in online retail marketing will be more than double within the next 3-4 years and thus pose a danger to the industry. The shopping malls will face alarming challenges if this growth continues. The shopping malls needs to adopt multi channel strategies in order to compete with online marketing. Thus, to meet up these current challenges online marketplaces have gained significant importance and are preferred by customers around the world. The purchasing powers of the people are increasing and it is creating much better opportunities for the commercial players. As the purchasing power increases, the growth rate of the retail sector also increases and it is challenged by various consumer habits. With the development of the market, the customers are making an increasing demand for varied services such as fast and quick delivery, free shipping. Online retail stores are a boon to the people because they allow the customers to buy the latest product s and services. Moreover, it allows the customers to shop from any place around the country and they need not visit the stores physically for purchasing the products. The customers prefer convenience as their main preference and so they have shifted to online marketing. In shopping malls, the customers are provided with a limited choice for the products. However, if the customers purchases or visits the online stores, he/she is provided with a wider choice for the products and it becomes easier for them to select and make a final decision (Taylor, 2011). The online stores do not have a definite time and the customers can shop anytime and any day according to their convenience. This helps in saving the energy and efficiency of the customers. As online marketplaces provide with unlimited choices for the products and there is limited time in the hands of the customers, it becomes easy for the consumers to choose or select the product and also compare them with the other products. Physical constraints restrict the shopping malls to display their products or a full view of their items. Moreover, the consumers find it more comfortable to purchase the products online rather than visiting the stores. The customers of this generation are highly conscious about the price charged to them by the shopping malls and online marketing stores. The rental expenses of the shopping malls are indirectly imposing a huge burden on the customers. This has penetrated the customers to online marketing. The customers are more focused on buying music, apparel, electronics, outdoor games, sporting from the online stores due to wider variability of products and low cost compared to the malls (French, 2013). The quality of products in the online sites also differs a lot and this helps in determine the frequency of customers in the online stores. The consumers prefer to buy good quality product when they spend a huge sum of money. Quality matters a lot for the customers in any kind of purchasing whether it is online or offline. The trust of the customers is another important factor affecting the business (Miller Washington, 2011). Some people prefer and trust online shopping while a considerable sum of people do not prefer. Moreover, online shopping also involves a considerable amount of risk because the customers cannot see or touch the product. The products ordered sometimes even get damaged and so people generally do not prefer to buy tangible products through online mode. In online shopping, it takes a considerable amount of time for the delivery of the products which is not a major factor when the customer visits the shopping stores (Lee, Kim Lee, 2013). Amazon will launch its business in Australia very soon and this is posing a threat to the shopping malls. The shopping malls are in the risk of shutting down their businesses. According to pwc Global Report, 2017 around 14% of the people in Australia purchases products from Amazon. Amazon will attract more customers in the next few years and it will capture a giant portion of the market. Online shopping in Australia is primarily done through computers and mobile phones. The trend of online shopping over traditional shops is shown in the below diagram: Fig -Usage of the varied modes of shopping channels over time Source- pwc Global 2017 It is seen that the preference of shopping malls is increasing at a very slow rate compared to the online mode. Shopping through mobile and PC constitutes online shopping. According to 2016 Global online shopping study report, 29% of the Australians prefers shopping through their mobile devices. It is depicted from the graph that online shopping through PC is declining because customers prefer user friendly technologies and they prefer to shop through mobiles and tablets (Peterson, 2014). The click and collect technology helps the customers to shop through various online channels. This enables the customers to order online and pick the products at their desired location. It has become a very popular and convenient service for the customers. The shopping malls are also suffering huge losses because of the widespread closure of various departmental stores. If these continue, it becomes difficult to for the shopping mall owners to find separate tenant. This has raised the cost of rental and it is indirectly imposing burden upon the customers (Adnan, 2014). The customers thus, are shifting to online stores and prefer to buy products at a cheaper rate. However, it cannot be denied that a portion of the customers in Australia also prefer bricks and mortar rather than shopping online. They prefer to shop through the stores because they can touch and feel the product before they purchase them. They also do not prefer to keep waiting for their products to be shipped. They choo se face-to-face communication with the sales associates when purchasing the products rather than just getting a glimpse of the product. These personalized interactions with the sales associates give them a satisfying experience for their products. The consumers prefer to purchase various grocery items from the shopping malls rather than purchasing them online. This is because they need the products for immediate consumption and cannot wait for the products to be shipped to them (Ozuduru, Varol Ercoskun, 2014). The shopping malls are constantly organizing various shows to attract the customers and to keep the consumers coming to their stores but the frequencies of online customers are increasing rapidly. The shopping malls are adopting various marketing strategies to tempt the shoppers. Customers prefer online shopping because they get a huge discount when they shop or purchase through various apps. It is user friendly and easier for them rather than visiting these shopping malls (Babin Zikmund, 2016). Moreover, the shoppers are aware and they gather much information from the internet before purchasing the products. They do not feel it necessary to go to the retail stores and enquire the sales associates to explain them about the particular product. Research also indicates that men spend more amounts on buying luxury products online than women. They prefer buying various kinds of electronic products while women prefer buying cosmetic products. The shopping behavior of the individuals is al so changing in terms of variety and type of the product which is being purchased online. The demand for bigger items such as furniture, sporting goods, home dcor products and other electronic appliances are showing a massive growth of online customers (Medrano et al, 2016). The sale of these products is expected to increase by 3.5 % over the previous year. 15 % of the customers purchase the electronics and dcor items through the online stores. Thus, it can be clearly stated that the demand for these products through the online mode has increased over the past few years. Moreover, shopping across the cross border channels is also rapidly increasing and it is increasing the international retail trade industry. The problem of security in transaction while making payment through the online mode is another important aspect which affects the purchasing behavior of the people of Australia. Considering varied factors such as fashion, quality, price, exchange policy, brand the consumers pref er the security, delivery, quality and price over all of them. To make an authentic and reliable purchasing decision, price is one of the important factors which are affecting them (Erkip Ozuduru 2015). When a particular brand is not available in the shopping malls or in the retail market in Australia, people prefer to research and find out the particular product online. Some people also prefer to use varied cues based on their prior experience when purchasing the products online. The cost of maintaining a physical store is very huge and this bears a direct burden on the consumers. It is also seen that online shopping is mainly preferred by the youth and the middle aged customers in Australia (Speer, 2012). Moreover, it can be said that urgency is the main criteria which helps the customer to decide whether to purchase the products online or offline. Thus, it can be said that the reliability and viability of the online stores has led to the decline of traditional stores. Marketing plan for Westfield Sydney Marketing plan is the motivating and growing tool used by big businesses to move forward in their business successfully. Large businesses usually make a marketing plan to forecast the behaviour of the consumers it targets and design its business that best suit the needs of the consumers. The marketing plan tool also helps the company to fight competition that they face from their substitutes and other companies. The marketing plan needs to cover some important information about the business in order to move successfully such as analysing the current market situation of the organization, deciding on the future target market of the company to cope up with the challenges, setting goals for the next few years and estimating cost to achieve these goals (Armstrong et. al., 2014). The online retail service is posing a threat to the shopping malls all over the world due to the ease of shopping that they offer to the customers. Consumer gets the opportunity to shop from this online site without putting much physical effort. Retail items compromises around 8 percent of the total product offered by the online service. The same threat is experienced by the shopping mall of Westfield Sydney, which is one of the best shopping mall in Australia. Thus, this makes it important for the Westfield Sydney mall in Australia to draw a marketing plan for them in order to survive the tough competition from the online retailers. Current market situation of Westfield Sydney Westfield Sydney is one of the best shopping mall of Australia located in Sydney area. It is known for offering wide range of retail items to the consumers around the years. The retail items offered by the mall varies from dresses, shoes, skirts, jewellery, men wears, kids wears, games and also food items. It is located in one of the largest trade area of the country from where it operates its business and reaches out to its customers. Consumers in Sydney, Australia are keen about retail goods that add to the benefits of the shopping mall. Some of the brands that do business in this mall are Gucci, Fendi, Prada, Miu Miu and many more. There are 344 retail stores in Westfield Sydney mall and the company marked an annual sale of $1.17 billion (Products, 2017). The company also holds their own online site for offering the customers with all types of products they want at their footsteps. However, the sales and demand for shopping centres are experiencing a decreasing trend over the past few years. This has put a detrimental effect on the profit of the shopping mall. This fall in the visitors of the shopping mall is due to increased preferences for online shopping (Rose Dhandayudham, 2014). This is evident from the above analysis of increasing threat that the online shopping in Australia on shopping mall. On the other hand, it is noticed that the branded stores in the mall are charged a very high price for operating their business in the mall. This force the brand to shift the cost burden to the consumers that pushes up their product price. This reduces their customers who visit their store for shopping as they get the same product online at a less rate. Online sites can also carry out their advertising strategy in a better and cost effective way compared to the shopping malls. This can also prove to be a threat for the shopping mall industry in the upcoming years. Figure 1: Westfield performance Source: (Westfield Sydney. 2017) Target market Targeting is one of the most crucial decisions a company has to make in order to attain maximum profit for their business. Failure to target the right market based on customers, location and preference might lead to a downfall in the business. Shopping malls usually target a wide customer base as they offer all types of goods and services to the customers of all age type (Aithal, Shailashree Kumar, 2015). However, this type of marketing strategy is becoming common among the online selling stores as well. Thus, the company needs to streamline their target marketing strategy so that they can target a market base with the best possible service. This will help the company look unique than others. Westfield Sydney shopping mall should try to plan out some targeting strategy to target the customers on activities and services that they cant avail from the online shopping sites. Targeting can vary across age, location and likings of the consumers. Shopping malls offer various types of goods and services such as retail goods, gaming experiences, parlour experiences and movies and theatres. The retail industry gets the tough competition from the online websites. However, the services offered by the shopping mall cannot be availed online and this put them on a stronger side compared to the online shopping sites. Thus, the shopping malls should form their targeting strategy by planning things for these service which will help them balance their revenue lost from retail stores. Westfield should work and renovate their gaming zones and movie theatres so that young generations are attracted to these services. By doing this they can also target the young customers who comes to visit these gaming and movie zones (Barton, 2015). Westfield mall operate in the most crowded trading zone of Sydney. These areas are mainly crowded with working class and customers aged above thirty. The mall should plan to expand their mall in areas surrounded by college and universities. This will help the mall to attract young traffic easily from these areas that have strong cravings for games and movies (Sit Birch, 2014). Moreover, the mall already has their online sites through which they get to know the needs of the customers. Thus it can motivate the retail stores in the mall to offer more discounts to the consumers so that the online pricing does not differ much from the in store pricing. This will help the mall to target mass market that experienced a drop over few years (Alavi et. al., 2016). Goals for the next few years The goals of the mall are to maintain the annual sales and customer base it has or increase them compared to other years. The main goal is not to lose the market share in the hands of the online industries. However, Westfield also wants to maintain their online website and aims to attract maximum old age traffic in their online website (Wu, 2013). This will help the company to gain the market from all side and combat the competition they are facing from other online sites. The company aims to increase the spending amount per person from $14,000 to $ 20,000 in the next coming years. The gaming zone is intended to increase at least four new games every year to give a changing experience to the customers along with storing some of their high demanded games. In the movie theatres, the company aims to add one more screen so that the people can get to choose from more number of movies to watch. In their online service, the company can add up dry cleaning services so that the people can get laundry services from their doorsteps. This will help the company to capture both the traditional shopping mall as well as the online industry (Kursunluoglu, 2014). Tactics to reach out to the market The goals of any company long term or short term can only be reached with a perfect strategy of executing it within a plan. Thus, Westfield should plan some tactics to reach its goal. The tactics can include marketing strategy, time design and other necessary tools. The company can use online tool for advertising as the threat to the company is mainly from the online sector. This shows that people are much dependent on online sites for all their needs (Vinerean, 2013). Westfield mall can carry out their online marketing initiative through their own online sites by posting their page on Face book and other social media. Social media is becoming the most preferred promotional tool by all the physical stores as well as the online stores (Okazaki Taylor, 2013). Along with this, the shopping mall can advertise their game addition in their gaming zone with the help of banner advertising outside the mall. This will increase customer recognition about the special features and facilities bei ng offered by the company. Cost estimation Cost is the most important factor to execute the plan made by the company and fulfil the goals it has desired to achieve. The cost of the company is both the time and money required to fulfil its goals. Categories of investment Cost Promotional activity $ 50,000 for one year Setting of extra gaming zone $ 20,000 Setting of one extra movie theatre $ 30,000 Maintenance of home service providers $ 40,000 Total $ 1,40,000 Table 1: Cost estimation for one year Source: (Authors creation) The above table shows the cost estimation of Westfield Sydney for the upcoming year which will help them develop many areas of their shopping malls in order to offer best experience to the customers and survive successfully in this increasing competition from online sectors References Adnan, H. (2014). An analysis of the factors affecting online purchasing behavior of Pakistani consumers.International Journal of Marketing Studies,6(5), 133. Aithal, P. S., Shailashree, V. T., Kumar, P. M. 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